Value Engineering

be . , so one of the issues, organizations and companies are familiar with these techniques .

use has been reported . therefore we also are aware of the special needs of these students .



Research limitations : Value Engineering in any of the obstacles to achieve better value must be an appropriate method of trimmed or removed . General barriers that exist in the problem solving process are:
Overall though
The absence of significant figures
Lack of proper awareness of the costs
Do not accept answers that best
The inability of industry experts , experienced practitioners and standard
Failure detection technique and overcome obstacles

Methods: The research method is based on searching for information in books and publications and has been searching through the internet .


Study abroad experience :

In the event

1947 America the formal value analysis program was conducted at the General Electric Company .

Lawrence minimize the value of the first seminar held in 1952 America .

1959 America Society of America Value Engineering Value Engineering was established with the aim to strive for progress and development .

1962 America America's defense department contracts with a value over $ 100,000 worth of engineering will be required .

1965 Japan Society of Japanese Value Engineers formed a committee was established .

1967 Canada and Scotland to form the Engineers

1973 America Society of America Currency Value Engineering Value Engineering services to assist the legitimate government .

1977 India constituted the engineering community

Saudi Arabia in 1986 , according to the Department of Defense Value Engineering

1987 Korean engineers association value

The first European conference in Paris , France in 1990 where the management was attended by representatives from European countries .

1992 World Federation of America was formed by the engineers .

Iran in 2002 formed the Association of Iranian Engineers







Basic Concepts of Value Engineering :


1 - function (function): What is causing the demand for a product .

The main function (basic function): The primary purpose or main activity by product
Service or facility is done .
Function sub (secondary function): a function that determines the quality and performance
Different standards of attractiveness and overall customer satisfaction towards the product 's main function being performed
Owner will meet minimum expectations .
Operating cost (worth function): A function to be spent to achieve the lowest cost .

2 - Quality (quality): the ability to provide the highest level of product performance or product life cycle defined in the given period .

3 - Owner (user): an organization that uses the facility could include consumer Khrydarv or owner.

4 - The value (value): is the lowest cost functions as required by the desired time specified and estimated performance measures that need to be fulfilled operation .

5 - Economic value (economic value): The relationship between benefits and costs of service and product and facility
In terms of operation. The economic value of the components of " value " , " credit rating "
" Conversion Value " " Value for money " is.

5 - value (use value): The financial equivalent functional characteristics of a product or service that needs to be fulfilled Brdarra safe .

6 - credit value (esteem value): attributes of a product or service that contributes to the financing of the property , or the sale of its going to be Ayjadtmayl .

7 - The value of the conversion (exchange value): Total funding by which a product or service can be traded in the market .





10 - The value of the program (program value): Plan and practice a methodology for optimizing the total cost of a used product .

Each object has a value which should be a benefit to satisfy demand . When you find a product that is valuable and useful , and demanded it be difficult to obtain .
" be done . Value Engineering is well aware of this and act appropriately to achieve better value .

Introduction to Value Engineering :

Value Engineering is an organized effort which aims to review and analyze all activities of the project
Initial ideas to the design and commissioning and operation Ajrav then be created as one of the most efficient and most economical methods known in the area of ​​engineering activities .
Less time to reach the target value engineering operation without adding the cost or reduce the quality of work .
The continuous increase in operating costs and increasing IT costs, eliminate that part of things no role in the enhanced quality of execution is also required and is unnecessary .

Application of Value Engineering Projects Due to the complexity of the task , especially in large projects can be implemented undisputed management tool to control costs, become. The purpose of this method is the elimination or modification of anything that will impose unnecessary costs without losing the basic functionality into their designs
at each stage of a project to be implemented .

Today, as one of the best ways to improve the value of value engineering can be Mtzh managers . Successful implementation of its strategic plan to improve the quality and management of manufacturing and production and development projects have been established .

A Frayndast value engineering . The process may be repeated many times during the life of an organization .


Investigators about the main phases Frayndmhndsy value different points of view presented to realize some of them are mentioned and then combine them in a complementary framework for value engineering process is proposed .
A review of the comments provided Drmvrdfraynd Value Engineering :
According to Woodward blight and value engineering process consists of six phases as follows:

One . Data collection
Two . Finding creative solutions
Three . Analysis of solutions and select the right solution
4 . The planning for implementation ( implementing solutions Hadrml )
5 . Implemented
6 . Evaluating results and terminology required

Heller adds Fazdygry into these phases . This phase as the " knowledge of the Target Value Engineering " as leading to other phases of data collection is done.

ideas and ways of approaching it refers to .

These phases are:
One . Knowledge of the target value engineering
Two . Data collection
Three . Kakrd analysis - cost
4 . Find creative solutions
5 . Evaluate the solutions, and select the right solution
6 . Solutions to government officials or decision-making units
7 . Implementation
8 . Audit conducted

In the following brief explanation of these phases is discussed. Each phase is described in four categories listed below :
A) Describe the steps
B ) The key question to be answered in that phase .
C ) important points that must be considered in performing phase .
D ) tools and techniques that can be applied in fulfilling phase .




Phase I : Knowledge of the target value engineering
Description :
Value Engineering process may be carried in one of the following scenarios :

- Changes in the firm 's strategic objectives
- Technological developments
- The needs and demands of new customer
- New ideas for a product or service that may be provided by internal departments or imitation of competitors .



- Technological developments
- Nyaz·havkhvast new customer
- New ideas for a product or service that may be provided by internal departments or behavior is modeled .
Knowledge of whether or above or a combination of value engineering is essential , will form the first phase measure .

The key question
One . What is the product or service ?
Two . The purpose of value engineering in relation to the product or service Nzrchyst ?
Three . What is the scope of the study area ?
4 . Who are the members of the research team ?
5 . What are the research budget ?
Highlights
Funding and the relevant licenses to start the engineering process
Techniques and tools:
- Techniques and problem definition
- Techniques of selection, formation and organization of research teams : There are different opinions about the number of members . But most researchers in the 5 to 7 Nfrtakyddarnd . One person should be chosen as the leader .

Phase II : Data collection
Description : After identifying the problem and organizing the research team , it is time to gather the required information . It should be noted incomplete or inaccurate information is important because lowering the value index . This information identifies the problem and awareness of various aspects of the problem helped to provide appropriate solutions .


The key question :
One . What information is needed to start .
Two . What part of the information available?
Three . What are the main sources of information ?
4 . What are the possible problems in the way of access to information ?

Highlights:
- Knowledge of the information system
- Use of past experiences in the Value Engineering
- Trying to collect data filtering before they Vprhyz the evaluation stage
- Develop an appropriate method of documentation

Techniques and tools:
Data collection ( interviews, questionnaires , etc. )

Phase III: Analysis Karkrdhzynh
Description : According to experts, the most important phase of value engineering phase will form . In this phase, based on the information obtained about important functions that must be considered in designing a product or service , a decision is made . Generally classified into two main functions and sub- functions are divided .
Main functions : those who have purchased a product or means for its wisdom. The main task of the project.
Sub- functions : the functions of the Mqasddygrmtrh Shvndvbh not directly related to the primary purpose Shvdblkh them support. Actually functions selectively designer to do core functionality , allowing research shows .

The key question :
One . The secondary functions are the main functions of a product or service ?
Two . The main functions and sub ​​approximate value paid to customers ?
Three . The approximate cost of primary and secondary Ayjadkarkrdhay paid product or service ?
4 . Functions with costly What ?
5 . You can be certain Karkrdharahzf ?

Highlights:
- Analytical methods Nalyrkarkrd - cost
- Consider key factors in the successful marketing of a product or service
- Given the importance of standards in relation to the product or service

Techniques and Tools:
Parameters were assessed using paired comparisons method (AHP)
Nalyzkarkrdy techniques with system perspective (FAST)

Fourth phase : finding creative solutions
Description : Creativity is the lifeline of any organization . In the constantly changing world of today , the main creative Ankarpzyr organizations to build a brighter future because without it , organizations will be able to make changes in the defensive mode . Following the selection of the desired product or service functions and contribute to their work.

The key question :
1. The procedures for establishing the performance of the product or service there.
2. These methods , to what extent is innovation ?
Highlights:
- Given all the solutions seem impossible , even if I Drvhlh .
- Avoid making judgments about solutions and their evaluation
- Providing creative platform Vrf barriers in the organization
- Use of external resources , especially in terms of creative solutions Mshtryn Drpydakrdn
- In this phase, we should not only focus on the question " How can we improve the process ? " But the fact that he thought Baydbh " Button What actions can we run the other way ? "

Techniques and tools:
- Brainstorming Brain Storming
- Delphi technique Delphi Technique
- Nominal Group Technique Nominal Group Technique


Phase V: Evaluation of solutions and select the right solution
Description : According to the Organization for Rehabilitation cost solution to implement the financial, technological , human resources , etc , compare solutions and the optimal solution is selected .

The key question :
1. The resulting solution is to create the desired function ?
2. Costs of solution implementation in practice is how much ?
3 . Whether the organization provides opportunities to implement the solution ?

Highlights:
- Determine criteria and indicators to assess
- Analytical methods for evaluating and selecting the right solution Solution
Techniques and tools:
- Simple weighting techniques
- Paired Comparison Technique

Phase VI: The proposed Recommendation phase


The key question :
One . Who are the decision makers about solutions ?
Two . How does the solution provide ?


Highlights:
- Anticipating possible obstacles in adoption solutions
- The needs of decision-makers should be considered as value engineering change proposals acceptable deal .
- It is possible impediments to the plan proposed by individual members outside the group
- Use the appropriate method of presentation (Present) solutions

Tools and techniques :
Tool written plan (proposal) oral presentation (Presention)

Phase VII : Run Emplimentation phase of idea , no matter how valuable , can not be used if no value and the results are measured in terms of value here . If approved, the proposed solutions , and to provide a preliminary implementation are conducted . The estimated cost for this service , to provide the necessary funds , the benefits are outlined , recommendations are identified , implemented programs are proposed to determine the donor list .

The key question :
One . Problems , possible solutions to implement in practice what
Second . , What resources are needed to implement solutions that no organization should be fulfilled ?
3 . Implementation costs how much?

Highlights:
- Quickly run through careful planning and control Falyha
- Log and document the results

Techniques and tools:
Techniques and tools for project planning and

Phase VIII: audit
Audit results are usually carried out by a group of experts and customers is through surveys .

Key question :
1. The implementation of the predetermined solutions Ayjadkarkrdmvrdnzrbahzynh be Mnjrmy ?
2. Whether the execution time of engineering, decision parameters (eg demand Nyazmshtryan ) have compartment- change ? This change affects the attractiveness of the solution is ?

Important:
Ensure successful solution before mass production and product supply to market

Techniques and tools:
- Survey instruments such as questionnaires and interviews
- Techniques from experts or customer rating
- Statistical techniques

Value engineering constraints :

information is correct and applicable to group problem solving .

Instead, it is those who have no executive powers swimming document and its implementation are interested in learning more . While the perspective of value engineering to reduce costs not only reduce the cost of ancillary products implementing it.


Conclusions:

Value Engineering is an organized collection of related steps . , Which can be interpreted as a " process " to be defined . Value engineering process intended to identify the important functions of a product or service and convenient method of creating the function is performed .
This capability , value engineering as an effective management tool in position competitive advantage has become